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Associate Professor

Chun Yee LIM

Associate Professor
Programme Leader, Bachelor of Engineering with Honours in Robotics Systems
PhD in Mechanical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Cluster:
Engineering
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SIT Appointments

  • Programme Leader, Bachelor of Engineering with Honours in Robotics Systems
    – Present
  • Associate Professor
    – Present
  • Assistant Professor
    –

Education

  • PhD in Mechanical Engineering
    Nanyang Technological University , Singapore
  • Bachelor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (First Class Honours), Mechatronics Specialization
    Nanyang Technological University , Singapore

Achievements

  • SIT Teaching Excellence Award
  • Best Paper award in International Multidisciplinary Conference on Optofluidics (IMCO) 2017, Singapore
  • Best Speaker award in Polymer Replication on Nanoscale (PRN) conference 2015, Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
  • Meinhardt Book Prize, Nanyang Technological University; awarded to the student with the highest aggregate mark for First Year Common Engineering
  • ASEAN Undergraduate Scholarship, Nanyang Technological University
    –

Professional Certification

Professional Memberships

  • Institution of Engineers Singapore (IES)
    – Present
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Research Interests

  • Robotics and automation
  • Quality control for clinical laboratory
  • Statistical methods and data analytics
  • Microfluidic applications in inkjet printing, biomedical diagnostics & chemical synthesis
  • Electrokinetics
  • Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

Past Projects

  • Big data-driven commutability assessment in laboratory testing
    –

    Principal Investigator, SIT MOE Academic Research Fund (AcRF) Tier 1 

    This project enhances quality assurance in clinical laboratories through two complementary advances: an indirect commutability assessment method and improved patient-based quality control (PBQC). The first developed a proof-of-concept approach using aggregated external quality assurance data to classify materials as commutable or non-commutable—offering a cost-efficient alternative to patient-sample studies. The second focused on validating the ANPed framework as a direct link between QC performance and patient risk. Simulation studies using sodium and AST showed that PBQC, particularly via moving average methods, detects errors earlier than infrequent internal QC, maintaining effectiveness even in smaller laboratories. To translate these insights into practice, the SPAE Excel-based tool was created, incorporating IFCC-recommended PBQC features such as automated data transformation, winsorization, customizable parameters, and visual performance verification. SPAE provides an accessible and practical solution that strengthens QC reliability and supports risk-based decision-making across diverse testing environments.

  • Automated Protein Profiling and Functional Characterization Platform
    –

    Co-Principal Investigator, Singapore Food Story R&D Programme, Industry Alignment Fund - Pre-positiong Programme (IAF-PP)

    This project aims to advance Singapore’s capability in alternative protein innovation by developing the nation’s first automated platform for protein profiling and functional characterization. Functional characterization of protein solutions, such as determining gelation, foaming, and stability properties, is vital for formulating plant-based foods with desirable texture and sensory qualities. Through the integration of robotics automation, the project successfully established high-throughput testing processes that replaced manual and time-consuming methods. This achievement has greatly enhanced the precision, consistency, and speed of protein functional property evaluation, enabling the creation of a comprehensive protein functionality database to support Singapore’s growing plant-based food ecosystem.

  • Embedded Faster Inspection and Monitoring
    –

    Co-Principal Investigator, Urban Mobility Grand Challenge Funding, Land Transport Authority

    Anchor bolts play a crucial role in fastening railway structures to train tunnels and viaducts. However, these steel bolts can experience corrosion damage at an accelerated rate due to the wet and humid conditions of the Singapore tropical weather. Since anchor bolts are typically embedded into concrete structures, the conditions of embedded sections of the bolts are unknown from visual inspection alone. This project aims to improve the existing manual and limited inspection process of embedded anchor bolt fasteners via the design of customized ultrasonic testers, development of machine learning algorithm, as well as identify productivity enhancements in the existing process with the potential of implementation using automation technologies.

  • Automated Networked Testing System (ANTS)
    –

    Principal Investigator, SIT Ignition Grant

    The Automated Networked Testing System (ANTS) is a prototype platform developed to automate key processes in clinical laboratory testing, including blood tube handling, uncapping and recapping, pipetting, dispensing, tip disposal, and sample storage. A novel cap-handling mechanism was successfully demonstrated, enabling tube recapping without discarding the original cap, enhancing sustainability and reducing contamination risk. The system also features a touchscreen interface for flexible reprogramming across different testing protocols. Complementing the hardware innovation, advanced quality control (QC) algorithms were developed and validated through extensive simulations. These include a patient-based QC algorithm using moving sums of positive results to improve error detection, and a reagent-based QC approach leveraging Bland-Altman confidence band violations to identify reagent lot variability, together offering a robust foundation for intelligent laboratory automation.

  • Towards Automated Venipuncture: End Effector Design
    –

    Principal Investigator, SIT Seed Grant

    The aim of the project is to develop the enabling technologies to automate venipuncture procedure for drawing blood from peripheral veins on the back of the hand, with a mechanism to alleviate needle pain. The scope of this project focused on the design of the prototype for the end effector to realize these functions.

  • Patent: Method For Preparing A Magnetic Chain Structure
    –

    Duan H., Zhou J., Lam Y.C., Lim C.Y., and Xiong Q.. Method For Preparing A Magnetic Chain Structure; PCT/SG2015/050472, filled on 25 Nov 2015

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Journal Papers

  • Low, H.Q., Kim, H-K., Kim, S., Badrick, T., Loh, T.P. and Lim, C.Y. (2025). "Spreadsheet for Patient-Based Quality Control Analysis and Evaluation (SPAE)". The Journal of International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 36(1): 26-36.   

  • Low, H.Q., Horvath, A.R., Loh, T.P., Plebani, M. and Lim, C.Y. (2025). "Setting analytical performance specification by simulation (Milan model 1b)". Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine.  

  • Low, H.Q., Markus, C., Loh, T.P. and Lim, C.Y. (2025). "Number of patient samples affected before error detection: Strategic implications for internal quality control and patient-based quality control practices". Clinica Chimica Acta 569: 120166.

  • Cheng, W.L., Low, H.Q., Chew, S., Lim, C.Y. and Loh, T.P. (2024). "Relationship between analytical imprecision and coefficient of determination (R2) of the calibration curve". Clinical biochemistry 133: 110833.

  • Low, H.Q., Farrell, C-J. L., Loh, T.P. and Lim, C.Y. (2025). "Sigma metric is more correlated with analytical imprecision than bias". Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 63(2), e39-e43.

  • Lim, C.Y., Lee, X., Tran, M.T.C., Markus, C., Loh, T.P., Ho, C.S., Theodorsson, E., Greaves, R.F., Cooke, B.R. and Zakaria, R. (2024). "Linearity assessment: deviation from linearity and residual of linear regression approaches". Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 62(10): 1918-1927.

  • Duan, X., Zhang, M., Liu Y., Zheng W., Lim, C.Y., Kim, S., Loh, T.P., Guo, W., Zhou, R. and Badrick, T. (2024). "Next-Generation Patient-Based Real-Time Quality Control Models". Annals of Laboratory Medicine 44(5): 385-391.

  • Loh, T.P., Markus, C. and Lim, C.Y. (2023). "Impact of analytical imprecision and bias on patient classification". American Journal of Clinical Pathology 161(1): 4-8.

  • Chuah, T.Y., Lim, C.Y., Tan, R.Z., Pratumvinit, B., Loh, T.P., Vasikaran S., and Markus, C. (2023). "Functional Reference Limits: Describing Physiological Relationships and Determination of Physiological Limits for Enhanced Interpretation of Laboratory Results". Annals of Laboratory Medicine 43(5): 408-417.  

  • Loh, T.P., Lim, C.Y., Sethi, S.K.,  Tan, R.Z. and Markus, C. (2023). "Advances in Internal Quality Control". Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 60(7): 502-517.  

  • Lim, C.Y., Markus, C., Greaves, R. and Loh, T.P. (2023). "Difference- and regression-based approaches for detection of bias". Clinical Biochemistry 114: 86-94.  

  • Lim, C.Y., Lee, J.J.S., Choy, W.K., Badrick, T., Markus, C. and Loh, T.P. (2023). "Between and within calibration variation: implications for internal quality control rules". Pathology 55(4): 525-530.  

  • Lim, C.Y., Ow Yang, S., Markus, C. and Loh, T.P. (2023). "Calibration frequency and analytical variability of laboratory measurements". Clinica Chimica Acta 539: 87-89.  

  • Cheng, W.L., Markus, C., Lim, C.Y., Tan, R.Z., Sethi,. S.K. and Loh, T.P. (2023). "Calibration Practices in Clinical Mass Spectrometry: Review and Recommendations". Annals of Laboratory Medicine 43(1): 5-18.  

  • Lim, C.Y., Markus, C. and Loh, T.P. (2022). "Lot-to-lot difference: a new approach to evaluate regression studies". Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 83(1): 58-59.  

  • Loh, T.P., Markus, C., Tan, C.H., Tran, M.T.C., Sethi, S.K. and Lim, C.Y. (2022). "Lot-to-lot variation and verification". Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 61(5): 769-776. 

  • Chan, N.A., Loh, T.P. and Lim, C.Y. (2022). "Towards ubiquitous laboratory testing: vending machine laboratory". Journal of Laboratory and Precision Medicine 8:9. 

  • Koh, N.W.X., Markus, C., Loh, T.P. and Lim, C.Y. (2022). "Lot-to-lot reagent verification: Effect of sample size and replicate measurement on linear regression approaches". Clinica Chimica Acta 534: 29-34.  

  • Koh, N.W.X., Markus, C., Loh, T.P. and Lim, C.Y. (2022). "Comparison of six regression-based lot-to-lot verification approaches". Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 60(8): 1175-1185.  

  • Markus, C., Tan R.Z., Lim, C.Y., Rankin W., J Matthews, S., Loh, T.P. and M Hague W. (2022). "Performance of four regression frameworks with varying precision profiles in simulated reference material commutability assessment". Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 60(8): 1164-1174.

  • Lim, C.Y., Chong, W.Z., Horvath, A. and Loh, T.P. (2022). "Setting bias specification for qualitative assays with quantitative cutoff with COVID-19 as a disease model". American Journal of Clinical Pathology 158(4): 480-487. 

  • Lim, C.Y., Markus, C., Tan, R.Z. and Loh, T.P. (2022). "Letter to the Editor: On moving average and internal quality control". Clinical Biochemistry 103: 32-34. 

  • Loh, T.P., Tan R.Z., Lim, C.Y. and Markus, C. (2022). "An Objective Approach to Deriving the Clinical Performance of Autoverification Limits". Annals of Laboratory Medicine 42: 597-601.

  • Poh, D.K.H, Lim, C.Y., Tan, R.Z., Markus, C. and Loh, T.P. (2021). "Internal quality control: Moving average algorithms outperform Westgard rules". Clinical Biochemistry 98: 63-69.

  • Lim, C.Y., Markus, C. and Loh, T.P. (2021). "Precision verification: effect of experiment design on false acceptance and false rejection rates". American Journal of Clinical Pathology 156(6): 1058-1067.  

  • Zhou, Q., Loh, T.P., Badrick, T. and Lim, C.Y. (2021). “Impact of combining data form multiple instruments on performance of patient-based real-time quality control”. Biochemia Medica, 31(2): 020705

  • Loh, T.P., Lord, S.J., Bell, K., Bohn, M.K., Lim, C.Y., Markus, C., Taie, H.F., Adeli, K., Lippi, G., Sandberg, S. and Horvath, A. (2021) "Setting minimum clinical performance specifications for tests based on disease prevalence and minimum acceptable positive and negative predictive values: Practical considerations applied to COVID-19 testing". Clinical Biochemistry 88: 18.

  • Lim, C.Y., Bohn, M.K., Lippi, G., Ferrari, M., Loh, T.P., Yuen, K-Y., Adeli, K. and Horvath, A.R. (2020) "Staff rostering, split team arrangement, social distancing (physical distancing) and use of personal protective equipment to minimize risk of workplace transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic: a simulation study". Clinical Biochemistry 86: 15.

  • Lim, C. Y., Loh, T.P. and Badrick, T. (2020). "Asking why: moving beyond error detection to failure mode and effects analysis". Journal of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, 5:29.

  • Lim, C. Y., Badrick, T., and Loh, T.P. (2020). "Patient-based quality control for glucometers: using the moving sum of positive patient results and moving average." Biochemia Medica 30(2): 020709.

  • Lim, A.E., Lim, C. Y., Lam, Y. C. and Lim, Y.H. (2019). "Effect of microchannel junction angle on two-phase liquid-gas Taylor flow." Chemical Engineering Science 202: 417.

  • Lim, A.E., Lim, C. Y., Lam, Y. C. and Taboryski, R. (2018). "Electroosmotic Flow in Microchannel with Black Silicon Nanostructures." Micromachines 9(5): 229.

  • Xiong, Q., Lim, C.Y., Ren, J., Zhou, J., Pu, K., Chan-Park, M.B., Mao, H., Lam, Y. C. and Duan,. H. (2018). "Magnetic nanochain integrated microfluidic biochips." Nature Communication 9: 1743.

  • Lim, C. Y., Lim, A. E. and Lam, Y. C. (2017). "pH Change in Electroosmotic Flow Hysteresis." Analytical Chemistry 89(17): 9394-9399.

  • Lim, A.E., Lim, C. Y., Lam, Y. C., Taboryski, R. and Wang, S.R. (2017). "Effect of Nanostructure Orientation on Electroosmotic Flow in a Microfluidic Channel." Nanotechnology 28: 255303.

  • Lim, A. E., Lim, C. Y. and Lam, Y. C. (2016). "Electroosmotic Flow Hysteresis for Dissimilar Anionic Solutions." Analytical Chemistry 88(16): 8064-8073.

  • Lim, C. Y., Lim, A. E. and Lam, Y. C. (2016). "Ionic Origin of Electro-osmotic Flow Hysteresis." Scientific Reports 6: 22329.

  • Lim, A. E., Lim, C. Y. and Lam, Y. C. (2015). "Electroosmotic flow hysteresis for dissimilar ionic solutions." Biomicrofluidics 9(2): 024113.

  • Lim, C. Y. and Lam, Y. C. (2014). "Phase-field simulation of impingement and spreading of micro-sized droplet on heterogeneous surface." Microfluidics and Nanofluidics 17(1): 131-148.

  • Lim, C. Y. and Lam, Y. C. (2014). "An investigation into a micro-sized droplet impinging on a surface with sharp wettability contrast." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 47(42): 425305.

  • Lim, C. Y. and Lam, Y. C. (2012). "Direction dependence of displacement time for two-fluid electroosmotic flow." Biomicrofluidics 6(1): 012816.

  • Lim, C. Y. and Lam, Y. C. (2012). "Analysis on micro-mixing enhancement through a constriction under time periodic electroosmotic flow." Microfluidics and Nanofluidics 12(1-4): 127-141.

  • Lim, C. Y., Lam, Y. C. and Yang, C. (2010). "Mixing enhancement in microfluidic channel with a constriction under periodic electro-osmotic flow." Biomicrofluidics 4(1): 014101.

Conferences

  • Abd Talib, A.A.B., Lim, C.Y. and Liew, C.K. (2025). Automated Defect Classification in Anchor Bolts using Machine Learning and Ultrasonic Signal Features, 5th Singapore International NDT Conference and Exhibition (SINCE) 2025.

  • Abd Talib, A.A.B., Lim, C.Y., Liew, C.K. (2022). Distinguishing Defective Anchor Bolts with Features Extracted from Ultrasonic Signal. 4th Singapore International NDT Conference and Exhibition (SINCE). 

  • Yeo, D. K.M., Liew, C.K., Soh, C.B., Sampath, P., Abdul Rasheed Khan, R., Ting, B. W. A., Abd Talib, A.A.B., Lim, C.Y., Kurbanhusen, M.S. (2022). Detection of Cut Notches and Corrosion on Anchor Bolts, 4th Singapore International NDT Conference and Exhibition (SINCE).

  • Lam, Y. C., Lim, A. E. and Lim, C. Y. (2018). On governing parameters for electroosmotic flow hysteresis. Australasian Heat and Mass Transfer Conference (AHMTC), Melbourne, Australia.

  • Lim, C. Y., Lim, A. E. and Lam, Y. C. (2017). Observation of pH Change Induced by Electroosmotic Flow Hysteresis. Advances in Microfluidics & Nanofluidics (AMN), Hobart, Australia.

  • Lim, A. E., Lim, C. Y., Lam, Y. C. and Taboryski R. (2017). Electroosmotic Flow in Microchannel with Black Silicon Nanostructures. International Multidisciplinary Conference on Optofluidics (IMCO), Singapore.

  • Lim, A. E., Lim, C. Y. and Lam, Y. C. (2016). Effects of Nanostructured Surfaces on Electro-osmotic Flow. Polymer Replication on Nanoscale (PRN), FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland.

  • Lim, A. E., Lim, C. Y. and Lam, Y. C. (2016). Electroosmotic Flow Hysteresis for Dissimilar Anionic Solutions. ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat & Mass Transport International Conference, Biopolis, Singapore.

  • Lim, C. Y., Lim, A. E. and Lam, Y. C. (2015). Electroosmotic Flow in Nanostructured Microfluidic Channel. Polymer Replication on Nanoscale (PRN), Technical University of Denmark.

  • Lam, Y. C. and Lim, C. Y. (2014). Fitting Micro-sized Droplet into Thinner Line. Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, RMIT University, Melbourne Australia.

  • Lim, C. Y. and Lam, Y. C. (2014). High Speed Imaging of Micro-sized Droplet Jetted on Surface with Wettability Pattern. International Conference on Micro-Manufacturing (ICOMM), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.

  • Lim, C. Y., Lim, A. E. and Lam, Y. C. (2014). Hysteresis in Two-fluid Electroosmotic Displacement Flow. International Conference on Micro & Nanofluidics, University of Twente, The Netherlands.

  • Lim, C. Y. and Lam, Y. C. (2013). Simulation of Impingement and Spreading of Micro-droplet on Non-homogeneous Solid Surface. IEEE-Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems, Suzhou, China.

  • Lim, C. Y. and Lam, Y. C. (2011). Cross-shaped Micromixer with Constriction under Periodic Electroosmotic Flow. Advances in Microfluidics and Nanofluidics (AMN) - Asian-Pacific International Symposium on Lab on Chip, Singapore.

Books

  • Loh, T.P., Tan, R.Z., Sethi, S.K., Lim, C.Y. and Markus, C. (2023). "Chapter Six: Delta Checks" in Advances in Clinical Chemistry: Volume 115, edited by Makowski, G.S., 173-200. Elsevier. 

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Teaching Modules

Mechanical Engineering, BEng (Hons)

  • MEC2232 - Mechatronics Design

Master of Engineering, MEng

  • IDC6633/IMC6633 - Application of Robotics & Automation for Smart Factory

Doctor of Engineering, DEng

  • IDC6633/IMC6633 - Application of Robotics & Automation for Smart Factory

Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Engineering, BEng (Hons)

  • MME2232 - Industrial Automation with Data Analytics
  • MME3260 - Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma

Past

  • SIE3015 - Automation and Control in Building (4806)
  • SIT4008 - Robotics 4N (3811)
  • TCE3014 - Fluid Mechanics (15476)
  • MME1171 - Fundamentals of Thermofluid Dynamics (3571)
  • MME2161 - Lean Manufacturing & Six-Sigma (3611)
  • MEC2133 - Automation and Robotics (17351)
  • MME3153 - Industrial Automation (3661)
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